In recent years, a research trend of “Second look at Joseph Needham” has emerged in academia. Why is it necessary to have a second look at Joseph Needham now? How should we re-examine Needham? What is the contemporary significance of Needham’s intellectual heritage? In this lecture, based on a review of relevant research papers on “Second look at Joseph Needham,” I shall offer some preliminary thoughts on the study of Needham’s intellectual heritage and its contemporary significance, hoping to enhance our understanding and awareness of Needham’s overviews on the development of science and civilization not only in ancient China, but also in the world.